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41.
Toshiyuki Momma Hiroki Nara Shinpei YamagamiChika Tatsumi Tetsuya Osaka 《Journal of power sources》2011,196(15):6483-6487
Many efforts have been paid to realize the superior anodes for future Li batteries in either the dry Ar atmosphere or the dry air atmosphere. In this work, in order to clarify the effects of such atmospheres, the most reactive anodes of Li were freshly electrodeposited under the dry Ar or under the dry air condition. The Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) formed during the electrodeposition of Li anodes is revealed to have a different chemical composition and protective feature. The Li deposited under the dry air was revealed to have longer cycle life in the electrolyte than that deposited in Ar, even in the electrolyte containing ionic liquid. From the XPS results, the SEI formed in dry air is proved to be different from that formed in Ar gas atmospheres, that is, the SEI formed in dry air consists of Li2CO3 and Li nitride. In order to improve the performance of the anodes, the atmosphere for the initial preparation of the anode/electrolyte interface should be tuned. 相似文献
42.
Susumu Imashuku Tetsuya Uda Yoshitaro Nose Yasuhiro Awakura 《Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion》2010,31(4):348-356
Phase relationship of a BaO-ZrO2-YO1.5 system at 1500 and 1600 °C was examined in order to determine whether a phase separation at the composition of 15% yttrium-doped
barium zirconate exists. According to a pseudoternary phase diagram of the BaO-ZrO2-YO1.5 system established by this work, the solubility of yttria into cubic barium zirconate at 1600 °C is 0.25 in a mole fraction
of yttria
(X\textYO1.5 ) (X_{{{\text{YO}}_{1.5} }} ) . Thus, we confirmed that there is no phase separation at the composition of 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate at 1600 °C.
On the other hand, at 1500 °C, there might be a phase separation at the composition of 15% yttrium-doped barium zirconate
into yttrium-doped barium zirconate where quite small amount of yttrium is doped and a new phase whose composition is close
to reported BZ(II) phase. 相似文献
43.
Previous work has shown that male sorghum plant bugs, Stenotus rubrovittatus (Matsumura) (Heteroptera: Miridae), are more attracted to young virgin females than to old virgin females and are not attracted
to mated females. Therefore, we examined the effects of age and mating status on female sex pheromone levels. The pheromone
components, hexyl butyrate, (E)-hex-2-en-1-yl butyrate, and (E)-4-oxohex-2-enal, were collected from females in two different ways. First, the compounds were extracted from whole bodies
of each female and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pheromone levels extracted from virgin female
bodies decreased with age. In females that had just mated, pheromone levels did not differ from those of virgin females, and
pheromone levels in mated females remained relatively constant up to 15 d after mating. This absence of change in pheromone
levels extracted from whole bodies of mated females is not congruent with previous reports of lack of male attraction to these
females. In a second method for pheromone recovery (adsorption on a PDMS-coated stir bar), GC-MS analysis showed that mated
females released lower amounts of pheromone components compared to those emitted by virgin females of the same age (4 d).
As was the case with whole body extracts, young virgin females (3 d) released higher amounts of pheromone components than
did old virgin females (8 d). The results suggest that male response in S. rubrovittatus is dictated more by the quantities of pheromone components released into the volatile headspace by females than by the quantities
present in the body. 相似文献
44.
Katsunori Takeda Tetsuo Hattori Tetsuya Izumi Hiromichi Kawano Shinichi Masuda 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2010,15(4):421-424
Recently, remote monitoring camera systems have been widely used for security. In such systems, one important function is
that the system automatically detects any change in the scenes from the monitoring cameras. In wireless remote monitoring
camera systems, the images of the scenes are generally transmitted as compressed data (e.g., JPEG file), because of the capacity
of the wireless channel. This article shows the automated detection of the change point in time-series data of compressed
JPEG file quantity (Kbytes) from the monitoring camera by applying the sequential probabilistic ratio test (SPRT) and the
Chow test, which is well known as a standard method for detecting structural change in time-series data. 相似文献
45.
Nanoparticles of Pd-Sn were prepared under various conditions by applying ultrasonic irradiation, and their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction was evaluated in 0.5 M KOH. The average size of Pd-Sn nanoparticles thus prepared was about 3-5 nm. The Pd in Pd-Sn nanoparticles was found to be mostly in the metallic state. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pd-Sn nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is greater than Pt or Pd nanoparticles in alkaline media. The molar ratio of Pd to Sn metal ions in the synthesizing solution, their initial concentrations, the concentration of ethanol, which increases primary hydrogen radicals during sonolysis, and the concentration of citric acid were found to affect the size distribution of the Pd-Sn nanoparticles, and therefore, those factors controlled the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. Particularly, the concentration of citric acid was found to be important for controlling the surface property on Pd-Sn particles to adjust the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. 相似文献
46.
Methanol decomposition to synthesis gas over supported Pd catalysts prepared from synthetic anionic clays 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ryuji Shiozaki Takashi Hayakawa Yan-yong Liu Tomoko Ishii Mikio Kumagai Satoshi Hamakawa Kunio Suzuki Tatehiko Itoh Tetsuya Shishido Katsuomi Takehira 《Catalysis Letters》1999,58(2-3):131-140
Supported Pd or Rh catalysts were prepared by the solid-phase crystallization method starting from hydrotalcite anionic clay
minerals based on [Mg6Al2(OH)16CO
2
2−
]·4H2O as the precursors. The precursors were prepared by a coprecipitation method from the raw materials containing Pd2+ and various trivalent metal ions which can replace each site of Mg2+ and Al3+ in the hydrotalcite. Rh3+ was also used for preparing the catalyst as comparison. The precursors were then thermally decomposed and reduced to form
supported Pd or Rh catalysts and used for the methanol decomposition to synthesis gas. Among the precursors tested, use of
Mg–Cr hydrotalcite containing Pd2+ resulted in the formation of efficient Pd supported catalysts for the production of synthesis gas by selective decomposition
of methanol at low temperature. Although Pd2+ cannot well replace the Mg2+ site in the hydrotalcite, the Pd supported catalyst (Pd/Mg–Cr) prepared by the solid-phase crystallization method formed
highly dispersed Pd metal particles and showed much higher activity than that prepared by the conventional impregnation method.
When the precursor was prepared under mild conditions, more fine particles of Pd metal were formed over the catalyst, resulting
in high activity. It is likely that the high activity may be due to the highly dispersed and stable Pd metal particles assisted
by the role of Cr as the co-catalyst.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
47.
Na Zhou Takuya Matsumoto Takahiro Hosokawa Tetsuya Suekane 《Flow Measurement and Instrumentation》2010,21(3):262-267
Entrapment of the non-wetting phase in porous media has been observed in a variety of fields such as petroleum engineering, geological storage of carbon dioxide, and remediation of ground water. We investigated gas trapping in porous media from a microscopic point of view. High-resolution, three-dimensional images of pore structure and trapped gas bubbles in Berea sandstones were obtained using a micro-focused X-ray CT scanner. We used vertical and horizontal Berea sandstone cores, 8 mm in diameter and 15 mm long. Based on the three-dimensional image analysis, the statistical distribution of the trapped gas volume was estimated. Trapped bubbles have a pore-network scale size and distribute over several pores. In the case of the vertical core, the porosity fluctuates along the flow direction due to the layered structure. The residual gas saturation also fluctuates with porosity along the flow direction. The higher gas saturation in porous layers at the end of gas injection results in a higher trapped gas saturation compared to dense layers. On the other hand, in dense layers the gas saturation at the end of gas injection is almost the same as residual gas saturation. Therefore, most of the gas injected into the dense layers would be trapped. In the case of the horizontal core, the gas saturation at the irreducible water condition is lower than that for the vertical core, because the injected gas selectively passes through the more permeable layers. However, the residual gas saturation is 29.2% for the horizontal core, which is comparable with that for the vertical core (30.9%). Finally, the effect of capillary number on stability of trapped gas bubbles has been estimated. Trapped gas bubbles are stable against the increased flow rate up to a capillary number of 1.0×10?5. 相似文献
48.
Takuya Noguchi Toshihiro Shimada Takashi Chiba Masao Terada Tetsuya Hasegawa 《Diamond and Related Materials》2010,19(2-3):107-109
We have carried out very high temperature heat treatment at 1400–2700 °C of about 10 nm-thick amorphous carbon thin films deposited on refractory substrates MgO, Al2O3, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) using pulsed laser deposition techniques. After the annealing, a few nanometer scale sp2 crystallization of the films and a large corrugation with a height of more than 1 μm were observed by Raman spectroscopy analysis and optical/atomic force microscopes, respectively. The corrugation is probably caused by the formation of gases at the film/substrate interface during the heat treatment. 相似文献
49.
Tetsuya Yamamoto Tomohiko Shinya Kunihiro Fukui Hideto Yoshida 《Advanced Powder Technology》2011,22(2):294-299
This study gives fundamental knowledge on the particle classification performance by centrifugal separator.It is found that the cut size of a centrifugal separator decreases as the rotational speed increases and the liquid flow rate decreases. Fitting our experimental results with the theory, they agree with each other at high flow rate. However, the difference between them generates at low flow rate. This is because dead spaces are generated in the centrifugal separator at the low flow rate. Also, the computer simulation of the fluid behavior in the centrifugal separator can find the decrease of the velocity near the wall under the low flow rate, which suggests the possibility of the formation of dead spaces in the separator. 相似文献
50.
A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of l-homocysteine (l-Hcy) formed on the surface of a gold-deposited gate of a field effect transistor (FET) was used to differentiate between enantiomers of amino acids, for which the formation of diastereomeric metal complexes is fundamental for chiral discrimination. Here, we focus our attention on the dependence of the FET response on the analyte amino acids, the central metal ions involved in complex formation, and the solution pH. Using the l-Hcy SAM-modified gate with added Cu(II), notable negative FET responses were enantioselectively observed for the l-enantiomers of alanine (Ala), phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas differences in the FET responses between enantiomers were negligible for asparagine and aspartic acid. Regarding the enantioselectivity for Ala, the addition of Cu(II) was demonstrated to show higher selectivity as compared to other metal ions such as Co(II) and Ni(II). Moreover, for the addition of l-Ala and Cu(II), a particularly strong negative FET response was observed at pH 5.5. 相似文献